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iron foundry
''Factory: machine-music'' ((ロシア語:Завод: музыка машин), '), Op. 19, commonly referred to as the ''Iron Foundry'', is the most well-known work by Soviet composer Alexander Mosolov and a prime example of Soviet futurist music. It was composed between 1926 and 1927 as the first movement of the ballet suite ("Steel"). The remaining movements of ''Steel'', "In Prison," "At the Ball," and "On the Square" have been lost, and ''Iron Foundry'' is performed today as a standalone orchestral episode.
== History ==
''Iron Foundry'' was a product of its time. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, romantic music—though not banned—fell from prominence as it was a remnant of the deposed ruling class, and experimental and revolutionary ideas flourished.〔Makanowitzky 1965, p. 267.〕 In 1923, the Association for Contemporary Music was founded for avant-garde composers. Mosolov, his teacher Nikolai Myaskovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, and other composers joined. ''Iron Foundry'' was originally composed for the ballet ''Stal'' with a scenario by Inna Chernetskaya, which was ultimately never staged; instead it was presented as the first movement of an orchestral suite from the ballet that premiered in Moscow on December 4, 1927, in a concert by the Association for Contemporary Music commemorating the tenth anniversary of the Russian Revolution.〔Nelson 2004, p. 200.〕 The same concert featured Shostakovich's Second Symphony, Nikolai Roslavets' cantata ''October'', and Leonid Polovinkin's ''Prologue''.〔Sitsky 1994, p. 61.〕〔Ferenc 2004, p. 12.〕 Mosolov's composition was performed at the International Society for Contemporary Music's eighth festival in Liège on September 6, 1930, where it was met with critical acclaim.〔 "We have ... a kind of lyrical theme, the song of steel, or possible of man, the ironmaster. ... ()t is an essentially musical idea carried out with convincing skill, and as a concluding piece to an orchestral programme it deserves to become popular," one critic said of the piece.〔Evans 1930, p. 901.〕
At the Hollywood Bowl in 1931, ''Iron Foundry'' was used as the music to Adolph Bolm's ballet, ''The Spirit of the Factory''—known also as ''Ballet mécanique'' (not to be confused with the 1924 composition by George Antheil), ''Mechanical Ballet'', and ''The Iron Foundry''〔Hammer 1997, p. 192.〕—which opened to "rousing ovations, rapturous reviews, and popular demands" for an encore performance.〔Hammer 1997, p. 191.〕 This was the first time for ''Iron Foundry'' to be performed for a stage performance; though its original intentions were as music for the ballet ''Steel'', it was never staged as originally intended.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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